Metástasis en tejido celular subcutáneo de glioblastoma multiforme: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Subcutaneous tissue metastasis from glioblastoma multiforme: A case report and review of the literature

El glioblastoma multiforme es la neoplasia maligna cerebral primaria más frecuente, y a pesar de su curso agresivo, menos del 2% de los pacientes desarrollan metástasis extraneurales. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 72 años con diagnóstico de glioblastoma multiforme temporal derecho por clínica de cefalea. El paciente se intervino con resección macroscópicamente completa y se administró terapia adyuvante. Cinco meses después, reingresa por dolor trigeminal observándose en la RM una masa extracraneal infratemporal que infiltraba el espacio masticador, estructuras óseas, musculatura temporal y ganglios linfáticos cervicales superiores y parotídeos. El paciente se reintervino, alcanzándose la resección parcial de la lesión temporal, tras los cual presentaba persistencia del dolor trigeminal invalidante. Dada la mala situación funcional del paciente y el fracaso del tratamiento se decidió limitar esfuerzo terapéutico, produciéndose el exitus del paciente a las 3 semanas del diagnóstico de la afectación extracraneal

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary brain tumor, despite an aggressive clinical course, less than 2% of patients develop extraneural metastasis. We present a 72-year-old male diagnosed with a right temporal glioblastoma due to headache. He underwent total gross resection surgery and after that the patient was treated with adyuvant therapy. Five months after the patient returned with trigeminal neuralgia, and MRI showed an infratemporal cranial mass which infiltrates masticator space, the surrounding bone, the temporal muscle and superior cervical and parotid lymph nodes. The patient underwent a new surgery reaching partial resection of the temporal lesion. After that the patient continued suffering from disabling trigeminal neuralgia, that's why because of the bad clinical situation and the treatment failure we decided to restrict therapeutic efforts. The patient died 3 weeks after the diagnosis of extracranial metastasis

Evolución morfométrica de descompresión obtenida tras corpectomía. Dirigiéndonos hacia abordajes posteriores / Morphometrical evaluation of decompression obtained through corpectomy. Heading towards to posterior approaches

Introducción: Hemos analizado la descompresión obtenida mediante corpectomía dorsal o dorsolumbar medida a través del ángulo de Cobb y el área del canal medular antes y después de la cirugía. Además, se ha comparado la evolución de la técnica entre los primeros 5 años del estudio y los 5 posteriores. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes operados entre 2005-2015 en nuestro centro mediante abordajes anteriores y posteriores. Resultados: Se intervinieron 24 pacientes y observamos una mejoría significativa entre los valores preoperatorios y postoperatorios en el análisis morfométrico (corrección de 4,18° de cifosis y un aumento del área del canal medular de 130,8mm2 con una significación de p<0,001 en ambos casos) y mejoría clínica (45,8% de los pacientes presentaron mejoría en la escala ASIA y una mejoría media de 13 puntos en el Karnofsky, p<0,001). Sin embargo, no se observa correlación entre los parámetros clínicos y morfométricos. También hemos observado que en los últimos 5 años del estudio los abordajes posteriores se utilizaron con mayor frecuencia y con buenos resultados. Conclusiones: La corpectomía dorsal permite una descompresión espinal significativa, con mejoría de la función neurológica sin que se correlacione con las mediciones de la descompresión. Gracias a las mejoras técnicas, las técnicas mínimamente invasivas (abordajes posteriores y técnicas MISS) permiten unos buenos resultados funcionales que son similares a los obtenidos con técnicas anteriores

Introduction: We analysed the decompression obtained by dorsal or dorsolumbar corpectomy measured by Cobb angle and the spinal area prior to and after surgery and compared the evolution of the technique over the last five years of the study. Material and method: A retrospective review of patients operated between 2005 and 2015 through anterior or posterior approaches was performed. Results: 24 patients were studied and a significant improvement was observed between the preoperative and postoperative morphometrical measurement (4.18° correction of the kyphosis and an increase of 130.8mm2 in the spinal canal, p<.001 in both cases) and in clinical parameters (45.8% of patients improved in ASIA, and Karnofsky showed 13 points of improvement, p<.001 in both cases). However, there was no correlation between clinical and morphological parameters. We also observed that in the last five years of the study posterior approaches were more frequently used with good results. Conclusions: Dorsal corpectomy allows significant spinal decompression, with neurological improvement but this does not correlate with the measurement of decompression. Thanks to technical improvements, less invasive techniques (posterior approaches and MISS) allow good clinical results, which are similar to those obtained by anterior techniques

Morphometrical evaluation of decompression obtained through corpectomy. Heading towards to posterior approaches. / Evolución morfométrica de descompresión obtenida tras corpectomía. Dirigiéndonos hacia abordajes posteriores.

INTRODUCTION: We analysed the decompression obtained by dorsal or dorsolumbar corpectomy measured by Cobb angle and the spinal area prior to and after surgery and compared the evolution of the technique over the last five years of the study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective review of patients operated between 2005 and 2015 through anterior or posterior approaches was performed. RESULTS: 24 patients were studied and a significant improvement was observed between the preoperative and postoperative morphometrical measurement (4.18° correction of the kyphosis and an increase of 130.8mm2 in the spinal canal, p<.001 in both cases) and in clinical parameters (45.8% of patients improved in ASIA, and Karnofsky showed 13 points of improvement, p<.001 in both cases). However, there was no correlation between clinical and morphological parameters. We also observed that in the last five years of the study posterior approaches were more frequently used with good results. CONCLUSIONS: Dorsal corpectomy allows significant spinal decompression, with neurological improvement but this does not correlate with the measurement of decompression. Thanks to technical improvements, less invasive techniques (posterior approaches and MISS) allow good clinical results, which are similar to those obtained by anterior techniques.

Meningiomas Originated at the Falcotentorial Region: Analysis of Topographic and Diagnostic Features Guiding an Optimal Surgical Planning.

BACKGROUND: Meningiomas arising at the pineal region are a rare entity and still represent a great neurosurgical challenge given their deep location and critical neuroanatomic relationships. The optimal surgical approach to treat these lesions is still under debate. Our objective is to review the topographic and diagnostic features of these lesions, which can help to guide an optimal surgical outcome. METHODS: We present 2 clinical cases of falcotentorial meningiomas successfully treated at our institution (2016-2017) with different surgical approaches. A literature review is performed, and a description of the classification, anatomic relationships, clinical features, diagnosis, and different surgical options and outcomes of these lesions is presented. RESULTS: The first patient was treated via a supracerebellar infratentorial approach, and the second patient was treated via a parieto-occipital interhemispheric approach. In both tumors, a gross total resection was achieved with no permanent neurologic deficits. In the literature review, gross total resection rates range from 33% to 100%, with no differences regarding the type of meningioma or the surgical approach performed. Permanent neurologic morbidity varies from 0% to 50%, and mortality rates range from 0% to 23%. The distortion and displacement of the vein of Galen and straight sinus represent the most important feature in the decision of optimal surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS: Pineal region meningiomas represent very infrequent, challenging lesions, and their description in the literature is scarce. The systematic topographic classification of these tumors and evaluation of the neuroanatomic structures involved are crucial to guide a safe and optimal surgical approach and achieve satisfactory outcomes.

Subcutaneous tissue metastasis from glioblastoma multiforme: A case report and review of the literature. / Metástasis en tejido celular subcutáneo de glioblastoma multiforme: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura.

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary brain tumor, despite an aggressive clinical course, less than 2% of patients develop extraneural metastasis. We present a 72-year-old male diagnosed with a right temporal glioblastoma due to headache. He underwent total gross resection surgery and after that the patient was treated with adyuvant therapy. Five months after the patient returned with trigeminal neuralgia, and MRI showed an infratemporal cranial mass which infiltrates masticator space, the surrounding bone, the temporal muscle and superior cervical and parotid lymph nodes. The patient underwent a new surgery reaching partial resection of the temporal lesion. After that the patient continued suffering from disabling trigeminal neuralgia, that's why because of the bad clinical situation and the treatment failure we decided to restrict therapeutic efforts. The patient died 3 weeks after the diagnosis of extracranial metastasis.